{"id":3676,"date":"2020-03-23T14:49:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T07:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new.vientebaogoc.edu.vn\/?post_type=blog_post&p=1169"},"modified":"2024-11-24T07:58:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T00:58:41","slug":"bien-te-bao-mau-thanh-neuron-than-kinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/blog\/2020\/03\/23\/bien-te-bao-mau-thanh-neuron-than-kinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u00e0nh neuron th\u1ea7n kinh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f3i\u201d hay \u201csi\u00eau anh h\u00f9ng\u201d, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh neuron th\u1ea7n kinh \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe kh\u00f3 tin v\u00ec hai lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ed1n mang h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eabu m\u00e1u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o h\u00f4m 4\/6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh neuron th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u1ea2nh: Getty Image<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t,\u201d Marius Wernig \u2013 ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Standford \u2013 cho bi\u1ebft. \u201cH\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201ct\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1u) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c – s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctransdifferentiation\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean Nature (n\u0103m 2011), Wernig c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201ctransdifferentiation\u201d khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da chu\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh neuron m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng lab m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u2013 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean, Wernig v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Lympho B \u2013 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 4 lo\u1ea1i protein trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, Lympho T c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh neuron c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wernig nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p v\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Lympho T \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh neuron v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edfi Lympho T l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u mang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u\u201d, trong khi neuron l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i \u2013 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 neuron th\u1ea7n kinh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t hay t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c neuron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c synapse \u2013 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c neuron v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Wernig \u0111ang k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7.
Nh\u1eadt Ph\u1ea1m (Theo Live Science)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: http:\/\/khoahocphattrien.vn\/khoa-hoc\/bien-te-bao-mau-thanh-neuron-than-kinh\/2018061804123540p1c160.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f3i\u201d hay \u201csi\u00eau anh h\u00f9ng\u201d, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":293,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ban-tin"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/293"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3676"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4479,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676\/revisions\/4479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.edu.vn\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}